In 1958, Essen was chosen to serve as the seat to a Roman Catholic diocese (often referred to as Ruhrbistum or diocese of the Ruhr).įounded around 845, Essen remained a small town within the sphere of influence of an important ecclesiastical principality ( Essen Abbey) until the onset of industrialization. In early 2003, the universities of Essen and the nearby city of Duisburg (both established in 1972) were merged into the University of Duisburg-Essen with campuses in both cities and a university hospital in Essen. Essen is also known for its impact on the arts through the respected Folkwang University of the Arts, its Zollverein School of Management and Design, and the Red Dot industrial product design award. Essen is often considered the energy capital of Germany with E.ON and RWE, Germany's largest energy providers, both headquartered in the city. The central and northern boroughs of Essen historically belong to the Low German ( Westphalian) language area, and the south of the city to the Low Franconian ( Bergish) area (closely related to Dutch).Įssen is seat to several of the region's authorities, as well as to eight of the 100 largest publicly held German corporations by revenue, including three DAX-listed corporations. Two rivers flow through the city: in the north, the Emscher, the Ruhr area's central river, and in the south, the Ruhr River, which is dammed in Essen to form the Lake Baldeney ( Baldeneysee) and Lake Kettwig ( Kettwiger See) reservoirs. Because of its central location in the Ruhr, Essen is often regarded as the Ruhr's "secret capital". Essen lies in the larger Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region and is part of the cultural area Rhineland. Its population of 582,415 makes it the fourth-largest city of North Rhine-Westphalia after Cologne, Düsseldorf and Dortmund, as well as the ninth-largest city of Germany. Essen ( German pronunciation: ( listen) Latin: Assindia) is the central and, after Dortmund, second-largest city of the Ruhr, the largest urban area in Germany.
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